1.What is the internet?
Visualization of the various routes through a portion of the Internet. From
'The Opte Project'The Internet is a global system of interconnected
computer networks that use the standard
Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries a vast range of
information resources and services, such as the inter-linked
hypertext documents of the
World Wide Web (WWW) and the infrastructure to support
electronic mail.
Most traditional communications media including telephone, music, film, and television are being reshaped or redefined by the Internet. Newspaper, book and other print publishing are having to adapt to
Web sites and
blogging. The Internet has enabled or accelerated new forms of human interactions through
instant messaging,
Internet forums, and
social networking.
Online shopping has boomed both for major retail outlets and small
artisans and traders.
Business-to-business and
financial services on the Internet affect
supply chains across entire industries.
The origins of the Internet reach back to the 1960s with both private and United States military research into robust, fault-tolerant, and distributed computer networks. The funding of a new U.S.
backbone by the
National Science Foundation, as well as private funding for other commercial backbones, led to worldwide participation in the development of new networking technologies, and the merger of many networks. The
commercialization of what was by then an international network in the mid 1990s resulted in its popularization and incorporation into virtually every aspect of modern human life. As of 2009, an estimated quarter of Earth's population used the services of the Internet.
The Internet has no centralized governance in either technological implementation or policies for access and usage; each constituent network sets its own standards. Only the overreaching definitions of the two principal
name spaces in the Internet, the
Internet Protocol address space and the
Domain Name System, are directed by a maintainer organization, the
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). The technical underpinning and standardization of the core protocols (
IPv4 and
IPv6) is an activity of the
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), a non-profit organization of loosely affiliated international participants that anyone may associate with by contributing technical expertise.
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2.what is the Internet Protocol?
The Internet Protocol (IP) is the principal
communications protocol used for relaying
datagrams (packets) across an
internetwork using the
Internet Protocol Suite. Responsible for routing packets across network boundaries, it is the primary protocol that establishes the
Internet.
IP is the primary protocol in the
Internet Layer of the Internet Protocol Suite and has the task of delivering datagrams from the source
host to the destination host solely based on their
addresses. For this purpose, IP defines addressing methods and structures for datagram
encapsulation.
Historically, IP was the connectionless datagram service in the original Transmission Control Program introduced by
Vint Cerf and
Bob Kahn in 1974, the other being the connection-oriented
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). The Internet Protocol Suite is therefore often referred to as TCP/IP.
The first major version of IP, now referred to as
Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) is the dominant protocol of the Internet, although the successor,
Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) is in active,
growing deployment worldwide.
3.what is the OSI model?
The Internet Layer of the TCP/IP model is often compared directly with the
Network Layer (Layer 3) in the
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) protocol stack. Although they have some overlap, these layering models represent different classification methods. In particular, the allowed characteristics of protocols (e.g., whether they are connection-oriented or connection-less) placed in these layers are different between the models. OSI's Network Layer is a "catch-all" layer for all protocols that facilitate network functionality. The Internet Layer, on the other hand, is specifically a suite of protocols that facilitate
internetworking using the
Internet Protocol.
Because of this, the OSI Network Layer is often
[where?] described to include protocols such as the
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) which was placed in
Link Layer by the original TCP/IP architects (
RFC 1122,
RFC 1123).
Strict comparison between the TCP/IP model and the OSI model should be avoided. Layering in TCP/IP is not a principal design criterion and is in general considered to be
harmful (
RFC 3439, section 3:
"Layering Considered Harmful").
Despite clear primary references (see References below) and normative standards documents the Internet Layer is still sometimes improperly called
network layer, in analogy to the OSI model.
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4.what is the Internet Infrastructure?
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer network s that use the
... (WWW) and
the infrastructure to support electronic mail .
... Cloud infrastructure services, also known as "
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)", delivers
computer infrastructure - typically a
platform virtualization environment - as a service. Rather than purchasing servers, software, data-center space or network equipment, clients instead buy those resources as a fully outsourced service. Suppliers typically bill such services on a
utility computing basis and amount of resources consumed (and therefore the cost) will typically reflect the level of activity. IaaS evolved from
virtual private server offerings.
[55]
5.what is Domain Names?
domain name is an identification label that defines a realm of administrative autonomy, authority, or control on the
Internet, based on the
Domain Name System (DNS).
Domain names are used in various networking contexts and application-specific naming and addressing purposes. They are organized in subordinate levels (subdomains) of the
DNS root domain, which is nameless. The first-level set of domain names are the
top-level domains (TLDs), including the
generic top-level domains (gTLDs), such as the prominent domains
com,
net and
org, and the
country code top-level domains (ccTLDs). Below these top-level domains in the DNS hierarchy are the second-level and third-level domain names that are typically open for reservation by end-users that wish to connect local area networks to the Internet, run web sites, or create other publicly accessible Internet resources. The registration of these domain names is usually administered by
domain name registrars who sell their services to the public.
Individual Internet host computers use domain names as host identifiers, or
hostnames. Hostnames are the leaf labels in the domain name system usually without further subordinate domain name space. Hostnames appear as a component in
Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) for Internet resources such as
web sites (e.g., en.wikipedia.org).
Domain names are also used as simple identification labels to indicate ownership or control of a resource. Such examples are the realm identifiers used in the
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), the
DomainKeys used to verify DNS domains in
e-mail systems, and in many other
Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs).
An important purpose of domain names is to provide easily recognizable and memorizable names to numerically
addressed Internet resources. This abstraction allows any resource (e.g., website) to be moved to a different physical location in the address topology of the network, globally or locally in an
intranet. Such a move usually requires changing the IP address of a resource and the corresponding translation of this IP address to and from its domain name.
Domain names are often referred to simply as
domains and domain name registrants are frequently referred to as
domain owners, although domain name registration with a registrar does not confer any legal ownership of the domain name, only an exclusive right of use.
This article primarily discusses the group of domain names that are offered by domain name registrars for registration by the public. The
Domain Name System article discusses the technical facilities and infrastructure of the domain
name space and the
hostname article deals with specific information about the use of domain names as identifiers of network hosts
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6.What is world Wide Web? And its services?
The
World Wide Web, abbreviated as
WWW and commonly known as
the Web, is a
system of interlinked
hypertext documents accessed via the
Internet. With a
web browser, one can view
web pages that may contain
text,
images,
videos, and other
multimedia and navigate between them by using
hyperlinks. Using concepts from earlier hypertext systems,
English engineer and computer scientist
Sir Tim Berners-Lee, now the Director of the
World Wide Web Consortium, wrote a proposal in March 1989 for what would eventually become the World Wide Web.
[1] At
CERN in
Geneva,
Switzerland, Berners-Lee and Belgian computer scientist
Robert Cailliau proposed in 1990 to use "HyperText [...] to link and access information of various kinds as a web of nodes in which the user can browse at will",
[2] and publicly introduced the project in December.
[3]
"The World-Wide Web (W3) was developed to be a pool of human knowledge, and human culture, which would allow collaborators in remote sites to share their ideas and all aspects of a common project."
And
service - work done by one person or group that benefits another; "budget separately for goods and services"
service - an act of help or assistance; "he did them a service"
service - the act of public worship following prescribed rules; "the Sunday service"
service - a company or agency that performs a public service; subject to government regulation
service - employment in or work for another; "he retired after 30 years of service"
military service: a force that is a branch of the armed forces
service - Canadian writer (born in England) who wrote about life in the Yukon Territory (1874-1958)
service - avail: a means of serving; "of no avail"; "there's no help for it"
service - tableware consisting of a complete set of articles (silver or dishware) for use at table
service - servicing: the act of mating by male animals; "the bull was worth good money in servicing fees"
service - (law) the acts performed by an English feudal tenant for the benefit of his lord which formed the consideration for the property granted to him
service - serve: (sports) a stroke that puts the ball in play; "his powerful serves won the game"
service - be used by; as of a utility; "The sewage plant served the neighboring communities"; "The garage served to shelter his horses"
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7.How many Internet users in Thailand?
As of 2008, there were 16,100,000 Internet users in
Thailand.
[1]
Broadband Internet is readily available in major cities and towns, but is still to be sought after in smaller villages and in the countryside. As the statistics have shown, the majority of Internet users in Thailand still rely on dial-up access. TOT operates a nationwide local rate number, 1222, allowing dialing to most Internet service providers. Dial-up prepaid Internet packs can be readily bought in convenience stores and other places. Subscribers of fixed telephone lines by True Corporation have access to dial up Internet by dialing a certain number and then being billed on their normal telephone bill.
The majority of broadband Internet access uses
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (
ADSL). Some areas are covered by Cable Modems and
G.shdsl. Consumer broadband Internet bandwidth ranges from 2 Mbit/s to 16 Mbit/s. Medium and large businesses use
Leased Lines or Ethernet Internet/MPLS where fiber optic cables link many office buildings in the central business district areas such as Sukhumvit, Silom and Sathorn areas to the Thailand Internet backbone. Universities have access to fast Internet access, including the
Trans-Eurasia Information Network (TEIN2) research network.
A 3G UMTS/HSDPA network was launched in Bangkok and vicinity in December 2009 with speeds up to 7.2 Mbit/s on the 2100 MHz band. Major mobile network operators in Thailand are testing their 3G networks in limited urban areas on the 850 MHz and 900 MHz bands. The National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) has plans to auction out 4 further licenses to operate 3G UMTS/HSDPA networks on the 2100 MHz spectrum in 2010. A 3G CDMA network with speeds up to 3.1Mbit/s is available in 51 provinces nationwide.
There are initiatives to offer mainstream FTTH (Fiber to the Home) providing bandwidth of up to 100 Mbit/s bundled with IPTV and VoIP. FTTH with speeds up to 30mbps is available in limited areas in Phuket.
Thailand saw a rapid growth in the number of broadband users in 2005 with the initiation of unmetered broadband in 2004.
[2]
There are 1,116,000 (2008) Internet hosts in Thailand being the highest in South East Asia.
[3]
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The start of World War II produced a large need for computer capacity, especially for the military. New weapons were made for which trajectory tables and other essential data were needed. In 1942, John P. Eckert, 
These connections had to be redone after each computation, together with presetting function tables and switches. This “wire your own” technique was inconvenient (for obvious reasons), and with only some latitude could 
Fascinated by the success of 
The first generation of modern programmed electronic computers to take advantage of these improvements were built in 1947. This group included computers using Random – Access – Memory (RAM), which is a memory designed to give almost constant access to any particular piece of information. . These machines had punched – card or punched tape I/O devices and RAM’s of 1,000 – word capacity and access times of .5 Greek MU seconds (.5*10-6 seconds). Some of them could perform multiplications in 2 to 4 MU seconds.
Physically, they were much smaller than 
