How Do Web Search Engines Work

How Do Web Search Engines Work

Search engines are the key to finding specific information on the vast expanse of the World Wide Web. Without sophisticated search engines, it would be virtually impossible to locate anything on the Web without knowing a specific URL. But do you know how search engines work? And do you know what makes some search engines more effective than others? When people use the term search engine in relation to the Web, they are usually referring to the actual search forms that searches through databases of HTML documents, initially gathered by a robot. There are basically three types of search engines: Those that are powered by robots (called crawlers; ants or spiders) and those that are powered by human submissions; and those that are a hybrid of the two. Sponsored Opportunity vs. Risk :  Discover the opportunities and risks involved with virtualization, from both security and service perspectives. Read more. Crawler-based search engines are those that use automated software agents (called crawlers) that visit a Web site, read the information on the actual site, read the site's meta tags and also follow the links that the site connects to performing indexing on all linked Web sites as well. The crawler returns all that information back to a central depository, where the data is indexed. The crawler will periodically return to the sites to check for any information that has changed. The frequency with which this happens is determined by the administrators of the search engine. Human-powered search engines rely on humans to submit information that is subsequently indexed and catalogued. Only information that is submitted is put into the index.

In both cases, when you query a search engine to locate information, you're actually searching through the index that the search engine has created —you are not actually searching the Web. These indices are giant databases of information that is collected and stored and subsequently searched. This explains why sometimes a search on a commercial search engine, such as Yahoo! or Google, will return results that are, in fact, dead links. Since the search results are based on the index, if the index hasn't been updated since a Web page became invalid the search engine treats the page as still an active link even though it no longer is. It will remain that way until the index is updated.

So why will the same search on different search engines produce different results? Part of the answer to that question is because not all indices are going to be exactly the same. It depends on what the spiders find or what the humans submitted. But more important, not every search engine uses the same algorithm to search through the indices. The algorithm is what the search engines use to determine the relevance of the information in the index to what the user is searching for.

One of the elements that a search engine algorithm scans for is the frequency and location of keywords on a Web page. Those with higher frequency are typically considered more relevant. But search engine technology is becoming sophisticated in its attempt to discourage what is known as keyword stuffing, or spamdexing.

Another common element that algorithms analyze is the way that pages link to other pages in the Web. By analyzing how pages link to each other, an engine can both determine what a page is about (if the keywords of the linked pages are similar to the keywords on the original page) and whether that page is considered "important" and deserving of a boost in ranking. Just as the technology is becoming increasingly sophisticated to ignore keyword stuffing, it is also becoming more savvy to Web masters who build artificial links into their sites in order to build an artificial ranking.

Did You Know... The first tool for searching the Internet, created in 1990, was called "Archie". It downloaded directory listings of all files located on public anonymous FTP servers; creating a searchable database of filenames. A year later "Gopher" was created. It indexed plain text documents. "Veronica" and "Jughead" came along to search Gopher's index systems. The first actual Web search engine was developed by Matthew Gray in 1993 and was called "Wandex". [Source ]

Webopedia: Internet and Online Services > Internet > World Wide Web > Search Engines

Key Terms To Understanding Web Search Engines spider trap A condition of dynamic Web sites in which a search engine’s spider becomes trapped in an endless loop of code. search engine A program that searches documents for specified keywords and returns a list of the documents where the keywords were found. meta tag A special HTML tag that provides information about a Web page. deep link A hyperlink either on a Web page or in the results of a search engine query to a page on a Web site other than the site’s home page. robot A program that runs automatically without human intervention.

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Activities at Sarawittaya School 29/11/2010

Activities at Sarawittaya School

Please indebtify the difference between the library resources for school students and university students?

        content of the library materail what all contents for school student is base on need of subject but the library in university is more content that the university library .

Please indentify reading activities for school and university? sha ll it be the same or difference?

        some I was the school student before continue to university student so all retivities for is sanething.

What do you like most about the school library ?

        - Enviroment nice dicoration nice  space
        - Equipment internet service mini movie
        - Book have many kind of book

What do you suggest for improvement ?

          Everything in the library is perfect no need to improve.

Rubric 29/11/2010

Evaluation Rubric:

   

1.   CASE STUDY                       

	LEVEL 4	LEVEL 3	LEVEL 2	LEVEL 1
Context and Background Information	The episode is clearly situated with the appropriate details e.g. grade level, subject being taught etc.	The episode is situated with most of the appropriate details	The episode has few of the appropriate details	No context or background information
Content	Incidents are interesting and realistically portrayed	Incidents are interesting but not realistically portrayed	Incidents are realistically portrayed but not interesting.	Incidents are neither interesting, nor realistically portrayed.
Writing Skills	Writing is totally free of errors Report of the episode is very concise	There are occasional errors. Report could be tightened a little	There are more than occasional errors  Report could be tightened quite a lot	Errors are frequent  Report of the episode is extremely long-winded.
Format	Format is appropriate and enhances the understanding of the critical episode in a creative and dramatic manner throughout the case	Format is appropriate and enhances the understanding of the critical episode in dramatic manner for most the case	Format is appropriate and enhances the understanding of the critical episode some of the time	Format is appropriate but seldom enhances the understanding of the critical episode

2.   PRESENTATION

		LEVEL 4	LEVEL 3	LEVEL 2	LEVEL 1
	Delivery and Enthusiasm	Very clear and concise flow of ideas. Demonstrates passionate interest in the topic and engagement with the class.	Clear flow of ideas Demonstrates interest in topic and engagement with the class.	Most ideas flow but focus is lost at times Limited evidence of interest in and engagement with the topic	Hard to follow the flow of ideas. Lack of enthusiasm and interest.
	Visuals	Visuals augmented and extended  comprehension of the issues in unique ways	Use of visuals related to the material	Limited use of visuals loosely related to the material	No use of visuals.
Staging		Uses stage effects, such as props, costumes, sound effects, in a unique and dramatic manner that enhances the understanding of the issues in the case study	Uses stage effects, such as props, costumes, sound effects, in an effective manner to extend understanding of the issues in the case study	Limited use of stage effects, and/or used in a manner that did not enhance the understanding of the issues in the case study.	No use of stage effects
Involvement of the class: -Questions -Generating discussion -Activities		Excellent and salient discussion points that elucidated material to develop deep understanding Appropriate and imaginative activities used to extend understanding in a creative manner	Questions and discussion addressed important information that developed understanding Appropriate activities used to clarify understanding	Questions and discussion addressed surface features of the topic Limited use of activities to clarify understanding	Little or no attempt to engage the class in learning
Response to Class Queries		Excellent response to student comments and discussion with appropriate content supported by theory/research	Good response to class questions and discussion with some connection made to theory/research	Satisfactory response to class questions and discussion with limited reference to theory and research	Limited response to questions and discussion with no reference to theory/research

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Knowledge Manament 29/11/2010

Knowledge Management

What is the management?   
       Management in all business areas and organizational activities are the acts of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives efficiently and effectively. Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organization (a group of one or more people or entities) or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal. Resourcing encompasses the deployment and manipulation of human resources, financial resources, technological resources, and natural resources.


What is Knowledge management?
      Knowledge Management is the collection of processes that govern the creation, dissemination, and utilization of knowledge. In one form or another, knowledge management has been around for a very long time. Practitioners have included philosophers, priests, teachers, politicians, scribes, Liberians, etc.


What is information system?
      An information system  is any combination of information technology and people's activities using that technology to support operations, management, and decision-making.^] In a very broad sense, the term information system is frequently used to refer to the interaction between people, algorithmic processes, data and technology. In this sense, the term is used to refer not only to the information and communication technology  an organization uses, but also to the way in which people interact with this technology in support of business processes


What are the component of information system?
      The main components of information systems are computer hardware and software, databases,

5 COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION SYSTEM:

1. IT i.e. hardware and software

2. Data/Information

3. Procedures/Policies

4. People

5. Purpose

6. Communication Networks

Why do you need  apply the knowledge management process in our business?    

      Many organizations are now in the throes of implementing knowledge management strategies. However, like many other ground-breaking initiatives, success is often elusive. This workshop is primarily aimed at knowledge managers and knowledge management teams, taking them step by step through the key stages of the implementation of knowledge-based strategies. It is also beneficial for any senior manager, especially R&D, marketing, and business development manager, who wants to use better knowledge management as a key to improved business performance.

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Copyright 29/11/2010

Monday, November 8, 2010

Copyright

1. What is the copyright?

Answer: Copyright is a set of exclusive rights granted to the author or creator of an original work, including the right to copy, distribute and adapt the work. The exclusive rights are however balanced for public interest purposes with limitations and exceptions such as fair dealing and fair use.

2. What is fair use?

Answer: Fair use, a limitation and exception to the exclusive right granted by copyright law to the author of a creative work, is a doctrine in United States copyright  that allows limited use of copyrighted material without requiring permission from the rights holders. For example, such as commentary, criticism, news reporting, research, teaching, library archiving and scholarship.

3. What is patent?

Answer:  A patent  is a set of exclusive rights granted by a state (national government) to an inventor or their assignees for a limited period of time in exchange for a public disclosure of an invention. For example, such as  the procedure for granting patents, the requirements placed on the patented, and the extent of the exclusive rights vary widely between countries according to national laws and international agreements.

4. Why some inventions can not be copyrights?

Answer: Because the several categories of material are generally not eligible for copyright protection, such as works that have not been fixed in a tangible form of expression.



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